Do I Need a Permit to Build a Deck?

Short answerIt depends on where you live, because deck rules are local. The 2015 International Residential Code exempts only small decks: up to 200 square feet, no more than 30 inches above grade, not attached to the house, and not serving the required exit door. Some cities require a permit for any deck. Confirm with your local building department.

What the model code says

The 2015 International Residential Code, as published by Springville, Utah, exempts a deck only if it meets all of these conditions. Federal Way, Washington lists the same limits.

200 square feet or less
Not more than 30 inches above grade at any point
Not attached to the house
Doesn't serve the required exit door

Local examples show the range

These are examples only, and rules change.

Portland, Oregon: a permit for a deck more than 30 inches high. Zoning review may apply even to lower decks in some zones.
Mukilteo, Washington: no permit under 200 square feet and under 30 inches.
Bedford, Texas: a permit before building any wood deck.
Peachtree Corners, Georgia: a permit for new decks.
Louisville, Colorado: decks are on its list of projects that need a permit.

What to ask

Call or check the website of your city or county building department before you start, and give them your address and a short description of the job.

Do I need a permit at this size and height?
Does attaching it to the house change the answer?
What setbacks apply, and do I need plans?
Which inspections are required?

Why it's worth asking first

Portland, Oregon's 2022 permit guide says inspections catch problems early, that buyers, realtors or lenders may require unpermitted work to be corrected before closing, and that a lack of permits and inspection approvals may void insurance. Even where no permit is needed, the work generally still has to meet code and zoning rules.

Permit offices in major cities

Common questions

Do I need a permit to replace deck boards?

Often not. Mukilteo says replacing only the boards needs no permit, but altering handrails or stairs does, and Peachtree Corners exempts minor non-structural repairs. Changing the structure is different, so check locally.

Does a floating deck need a permit?

The IRC exemption turns on size, height and attachment, so a small, low, freestanding deck can qualify, but only where the local rules follow it. Bedford, for example, requires a permit for any wood deck.