Do I Have to Replace My Lead Service Line?

Short answerEPA's rule, finalized in October 2024, puts the duty on water systems: most must identify and replace lead service lines under their control within 10 years. What we read doesn't order homeowners to do the work, though your consent may be needed. We couldn't confirm who pays for the private side, so ask your water utility for its plan.

What changed, when and who changed it

EPA finalized the Lead and Copper Rule Improvements in October 2024, building on rules from 1991 and 2021. EPA's fact sheet says that, for the first time, the vast majority of water systems must replace lead service lines within 10 years, with extra time in limited cases. It also lowers the action level for lead from 15 to 10 micrograms per liter.

What it means for you

Your water system has to make its inventory and replacement plan public. Look it up, or ask your utility what your line is made of.
If you think your line is listed wrong, tell the utility. EPA's guide says systems must respond within 60 days.
Where consent is needed, your utility must try at least 4 times to reach you. Answer these requests; they may be how your line gets replaced.
If your system exceeds the action level repeatedly, it must make certified filters available.

What to do now

EPA says you can't see, taste or smell lead in water, so testing is the only sure way to know. It suggests these steps:

Use a filter certified to remove lead, and change cartridges on time. Don't run hot water through it.
Use only cold water for drinking, cooking and baby formula. Boiling doesn't remove lead.
Run the tap, take a shower, or do laundry or a load of dishes before drinking water that has sat for a while. Ask your utility how long.
Clean your faucet aerator regularly.
Ask a family doctor or pediatrician about testing a child's blood if you're concerned.

What isn't settled

We couldn't confirm who pays for the private side under the final rule. We also didn't confirm from an official page whether any court challenge could change the deadlines, so recheck EPA's page. EPA's guide says states can set shorter deadlines, so we recommend checking with your utility or state drinking water program.

Common questions

How do I know if my service line is lead?

Ask your water utility and check your system's public inventory. EPA also has a guide called Protect Your Tap for checking your pipes.

When were lead pipes banned?

EPA says the federal government banned new lead pipes in 1986. Up to 9 million homes and businesses are still connected through older lead lines.

Will boiling my water help?

No. EPA says boiling doesn't remove lead.